Writing For Journalism L5

Introduction To Unit

In order to decide what type of feature could be written, it depends on who could be interviewed. Ideally a fashion and beauty article for 'Vogue' would be preferred, and to interview someone like Cara Delevingne, but focus has to be on interviewees that can realistically be contacted. Fashion and beauty is generally the type of article favoured as this is an interesting and popular genre. There is a few people through friends of friends that could be approached in order to give an interesting and engaging interview. Joey Fisher, who is a published glamour model, featured in magazines such as 'Nuts', and 'Weekend Sport'. She could be interviewed about her career as it stands and how she is taking well to her reputation and fame. She could also be asked about her about feminist views, and what she thinks about 'Lad's Mags' being covered up in stores. But mostly, the interview would be concentrated on her interest in fashion and beauty, and how important it is for her modelling lifestyle. Joey Fisher would be a good interviewee as she could repost the article on twitter, Facebook, and blogging sites, and this could boost recognition. Another potential interviewee is a friend that owns her own massage and beauty company, she could be asked about her career, business motives, fashion, and beauty. She is an independent woman and would be reasonably easy to contact. Other contacts include Liam Kay, he plays professional rugby for Wakefield Wildcats, he could possibly be interviewed about health, fitness, and sport, but this ideally isn't the favoured route of genre. An interview as such would be featured in magazines such as 'Rugby World' which has its own niche, rather than a popular women's magazine such as 'Cosmopolitan' or 'Vogue'. 'Weathered Hands' which is a band based in Wales, could perhaps be contacted for an interview. They could be questioned about their music, their business, and how they promote the band. But again, this is swaying away from raw interests and genres.

I would like to write a feature similar to the articles I wish to be writing in the future, in my career. Such as, an article for a magazine like Cosmopolitan about independent women, focusing entirely on career, fashion and beauty.

Each magazine and newspaper has its own 'house style' this is how the publication communicates with their audience. It is the overall editorial voice that generally reflects the language of its readers. For example, The Telegraphs house style will have a more political and formal voice compared to Heat Magazine. The magazine uses their house style to make their brand and corporate identity stand out, by using certain language including technical jargon and individual words. Publications such as The Telegraph have their own style guide, this shows what rules they follow regarding language and overall mise-en-scene of the newspaper. The style guide can be seen at The Telegraph Style Guide. David Marsh, the style guide editor of The Guardian explains why they use a style guide. 'We follow a style guide to be consistent, coherent, and to make fewer mistakes, but above all because the style of a newspaper should complement what it stands for - in the way we write about such issues as gender, race, and disability, and the respect with which we treat those we write about. Language evolves, but the Guardian remains true to its values.' The corporate identity of a publication will be based on the overall look, rather than the direct language. Elements such as typeface, headlines, colour schemes, and images are responsible for the corporate identity. 

Professional Etiquette & Employability

In order to gain a career in journalism such as feature writing, employability is a fundamental requirement. Industry skills can be twisted to suit each job role, every job application should show suitability to the required role. When writing a CV and cover letter, all the information should be relevant and keep the employer interested, the cover letter should show character. If character is shown within the writing in a cover letter, presumably the employer will believe that there is also character within the feature writing. The CV should show appropriate industry skills and experience, it should be informative. As Herbert says: 'News is the story. The feature is the story behind the story' (Herbert, 2000 Pg.182). The CV should be the news to your employer and the cover letter should be the story behind the story.

Here I started to remake my CV in Adobe InDesign:

There are many different routes into a career in journalism. Some may be lucky, others may know people, and some may have worked hard to get into the industry. Some of the traditional routes into a photojournalist career are as follows:

• Take a journalism/photography related degree
• Apply to one of the few trainee or interning schemes
• Work on a 'beat' 
• Learn shorthand
• Work as an assistant in a studio
• Start writing small pieces
• Edit a section
• Edit a newspaper/magazine

Nowadays there are more modern routes into a photojournalism career with the vast and rapid use of the internet. Some are as follows:

• Start a blog
• Write well
• Take good pictures
• Get noticed
• Be commissioned by or pitch to publications
• Become an assistant to an established photographer
• Start publishing 

Some journalists started out in a career completely different. For example Russell Brand started out as a comedian, but as his career developed his use of words and language was noticed, and he has now flourished as a writer. It is important to expand your skill-set in order to gain a career in journalism. Charles Arthur, the technology editor at The Guardian has augmented his skill-set by using a variety of interactive platforms in order to get more publicity. Such as, blogging, Facebook, Twitter, Video interviews, and voice recordings. In a magazine or newspaper, there is usually a flannel panel, this includes everyone involved with the process of the publications production. It is a useful way of finding  contacts in order to get a foot in the door to the journalism industry. When pitching an idea to a publication it is vital to research the following elements: 

• The name of the magazine
• The name of the section you are writing for
• Their readership
• Their house style
• What type of articles they take on

The more contacts an aspiring journalist has the more opportunities will be available. It is paramount to build relationships with other journalists and PR people. The use of a portfolio is also evident as a useful thing to show during interviews. 'As a journalist it is your job to reveal information to the public. This should be impartial, timely, and truthful' (Preston, 2013, Pg.2).

Sub-Editing & Magazine Production

Sub-editing is an essential element in the production of a magazine. 'In the newspaper world, it is the editor who is finally responsible for accuracy. Sub-editors should be suspicious of everything' (Herbert, 2000, Pg.56). Sub-editors are responsible for quality control, sometimes they may do basic rewritting if they decide the story is poorly written. They check the facts written within the articles  such as, dates and names to make sure nothing false or untrue is published. Sub-editors need to inspect that each article fits the layout of the page in the magazine, and fits the overall house style of the magazine. Sub-editors are always aware of grammar, it is one of their main tasks to correct any grammar mistakes, as the importance of grammar avoids misinterpretation. 'if the speaker uses loose or awkward syntax, makes a mistake in grammar, or gets so wrapped up in pronouns or references the meaning gets lost' (Herbert, 2000, Pg.177).

Here, mistakes in published magazines Elle, and Men's Health are circled in a quick sub-editing task.

It is always important for a sub-editor to proof-read an article before publishing. Sub-editors are the person held responsible for mistakes, as it is their job to check over each piece.

Here is another sub-editing exercise done in class, I have highlighted parts that a sub-editor would need to consider. 

This piece on Budapest would be precisely sub-editied to a professional standard, and it would then be inserted to the page design. As a sub-editor it is essential that the page layout is accurate to the house style of the magazine, the sub-editor also gets involved with the layout to ensure it suits the feature. 'Subs make sure that the copy is factually correct and that it suits the target market. They also lay out the story on the page, write headings and may be involved with the overall page design' (Prospects.ac.uk, 2013). 

Editorial Graphics

Adobe InDesign is one of the most prominent programs used for design and layout within the magazine industry. Very similar to Adobe Photoshop, it allows you to arrange the page easily using grids. As Whittaker says: 'The grid becomes the outline on which can be laid all other elements of the page - the title, columns and images, as well as any boxouts or other components' (Whittaker, P.138). The grid is the base, where page designers begin to build up a layout. The way a page is laid out is of paramount importance to the editors, as this is what should keep the reader interested. The page furniture is what contributes to the magazines own house style. For instance, 'Heat' will have lots of buzz words to entice the reader, whereas Vogue will have a classic layout, as their readers are interested regardless. This shows the difference in the house style. Headings of a page layout is what captivates the reader, it is almost always the first thing that the eye is drawn to. As shown in the examples below. 'The headline is, alongside any large images, the most important element to attracting the readers attention. It has to convey information about the article in a very limited number of words and, unsurprisingly, must be considerably larger than the surrounding text to draw in the reader's eye as he or she is leafing through a publication' (Whittaker, P141, 2008). 'Page elements can be divided into two basic categories: architecture (grid, mar- gins, standing heads, folios, typographical style sheets, etc) which stay consistent issue to issue and content, which changes with each page and each article' (Jandos.com, 2013).

Here shows a work in progress and some practice of InDesign layout and sub-editing:

The Magazine Business

The magazine business is an extremely competitive trade. It comes into three different categories; consumer, contract, and business. A consumer magazine relates directly to the reader, they aim to entertain the reader giving advice and information about the genre and topics of their magazine, showing the benefit of consuming. A contract magazine usually advertises a company's products, and re-engages their customers. For example, ASOS magazine is free, it is editorial like a consumer fashion and beauty magazine, but everything featured inside can be purchased from ASOS, or is linked to ASOS styling. A business magazine shares business knowledge with either other businesses or consumers. Which is often known as B2B, business to business. Or sometimes B2C, business to consumer. 'The business-to-business (B2B) sector, which uses to be known as trade magazines, largely consists of controlled circulation titles that are distributed directly to individuals and companies working in particular industries, although some are also sold on the newsstand' (Whittaker, P18, 2008). They share business knowledge by writing in an informed way, from specialist to specialist.

http://www.designscene.net/2011/04/josephine-de-la-baume-covers-asos-magazine.html 

The previously sub-edited Budapest Travel article could be placed into either consumer, contract, or business publications as follows:

Consumer
- Glamour
- FHM
- Good Housekeeping

Contract
- Airlines
- Train
- Weight Watchers

Business
- Air Hostess
- Hotel Development


There are many new economics to journalism, as Knight and Cook explain the balance for start-ups in the new media egology between potential gains and challenges.

(Knight & Cook, 2013, Pg.196)

What is an Angle?

Journalists will almost always be writing a story that has already been covered in some sort of style. It is valuable to employers when a journalist can approach a story from a contrasting angle. It is imperative for an experienced journalist to research profoundly into the chosen story or topic. This allows for more appropriate planning for the final article, as the journalist will have ample background information. A journalist should aim to take a story to its most current potential. This can be done by injecting a current news story to spark the subject being written about, this will keep readers engaged. It is always convenient for a journalist to zero in on something odd, this will most definitely give the story a distinctive angle. 'The pitch is when you promote a story idea to an editor, often to be commissioned. It should contain what the story is - the unique angle, what multimedia you can propose, why the issue is important and who the main contacts will be' (Knight and Cook, 2013, Pg 185-189). The Forbes Model for Journalism explains this: 'Our contributors, all hand-picked by our editors, need to have angles, or beats, that fall within one of our key topic channels. It's largely their responsibility to attract and build an audience and engage with their community, or followers' (DVorkin, 2012, Pg. 47).

Here was an exercise done in class to practice quickly putting together content in a layout, as if we were a journalist under pressure in the workplace:

'Think about your angle carefully. For instance, if it’s a health story they like common problems that affect millions of people with a twist (new treatment or study) rather than highly unusual ones that affect a minority (but not always if the case history is particularly strong)' (Jo Waters, x-stream.leedsmet.ac.uk, 2013)


Reflective Learning

It is always important for a journalist to prepare before interviewing. As it is the only way a journalist is able to obtain quotes for an article or feature. To make a story engaging a quote is necessary. Background research is a fundamental asset to preparing for an interview. According to Herbert, you should firstly decide what you can't to gain from the interview:

• Do you need a particular fact?
• Do you want a date?
• Do you need a phone number?
• Do you need an expert name?
• Do you want background?
• What statistics do you need? 

Herbert also believes you would want to interview someone because of one of the following points:

• Their job is important
• They do something important
• They are charged with a big crime
• They know something or someone important
• They have watched something important happen
• Something important has happened to them (accident victim etc.)
• They represent an important national trend (traveller caught at airport during typhoon; working couple who can't buy a horse because prices are too expensive etc.)

'A good interviewee needs to be accessible, reliable, accountable, and quotable' (Herbert, P245, 2000). Herbert also believes that there is two different types of questions during interviews, one is those questions previously thought up from research. The other is those that come up in response to the interviewee's answers. He believes that an interviewer should follow these steps:

1. Don't write out your question; listen and respond to the answers. You can however, have trigger   words (for example, photos - where?).
2. Don't ask predictable questions; they give predictable answers (e.g. 'how do you feel?')
3. Avoid general questions; don't ask 'What's the meaning of life?' or 'How would you solve the world's problems?' Be specific.
4. Don't be shy to ask questions. That's why you are there, so ask whatever you want to know. 

(Herbert, 2000, P244-247)

Repurposing Your Copy

In the current day journalists often write for different platforms, rather then just print. Journalists should be able to repurpose an article for different readers, platforms and publications. The story should be replicated during the repurposing, and only changed by the style of writing, the content shouldn't be changed so much that the story doesn't make sense, alterations can be made to the content itself, but not the storyline. The article should be enhanced, for example; if a journalist is repurposing for the web, there could be additional images, or additional content. It could also be enhanced virtually with videos, or interactive links such as hyperlinks. Here are some different ways a journalist could repurpose an article for an online publication:

• Hyperlinking
• SEO (Search Engine Optimisation)
• Sub-heads
• Word Count
• Categories
• Tagging
• Image Resizing 

In order to enhance a copy a journalist could consider these ideas:

• Audio
• Video
• Photography
• Illustrations
• Information Graphics

Readers will read an article profoundly different to how they will read a printed piece. According to the readerships national survey it shows that on average more people still read print more than online. Below is a table of statistics from the NRS Print and Digital Data Survey from April 2012.

Title (s)	Type	Print, 000s	Website, 000s	Print + website total (net) 000s	Difference between print + website 000s	Difference between print + website %
Daily Mirror	Tabloid newspaper	9,107	1,913	10,590	1,483	16.3
The Sun	Tabloid newspaper	16,085	3,287	17,793	1,708	10.6
The Guardian	Quality newspaper	4,076	6,410	8,949	4,873	119.5
The Independent	Quality newspaper	3,123	2,583	5,317	2,193	70.2
Daily Mail	Mid-market newspaper	11,765	6,820	16,428	4,664	39.6
ASOS	Magazine	578	1,791	2,302	1,723	297.9
Cosmopolitan	Magazine	1,586	392	1,947	361	22.8
Elle	Magazine	807	2,066	2,834	2,027	251
Esquire	Magazine	149	187	336	187	125.2
FHM	Magazine	892	279	1,150	257	28.8
Glamour	Magazine	1,237	296	1,507	270	21.8
GQ	Magazine	372	100	473	100	26.9
Grazia	Magazine	1,243	97	1,332	89	7.1
Heat	Magazine	3,340	272	3,563	223	6.7
Hello!	Magazine	4,145	167	4,285	140	3.4
InStyle	Magazine	316	131	445	129	40.8
Kerrang!	Magazine	873	43	915	42	4.9
Look	Magazine	1,339	178	1,502	164	12.2
Marie Claire	Magazine	871	280	1,140	269	30.9
Men's Health	Magazine	1,188	202	1,380	192	16.2
More	Magazine	1,102	83	1,183	81	7.3
NME/New Musical Express	Magazine	809	622	1,422	613	75.8
Nuts	Magazine	1,287	135	1,415	128	9.9
OK!	Magazine	5,392	103	5,476	85	1.6
Take a Break	Magazine	5,107	229	5,292	185	3.6
Time Out	Magazine	658	884	1,502	844	128.3
Zest	Magazine	168	85	252	85	50.7

http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2012/sep/12/digital-newspaper-readerships-national-survey


Jakob Nielsen founded that when reading web content users seem to read in an F shaped pattern. Readers eyes will move expeditiously across the words within a website in a pattern that is especially different from usual. The results of an eye-tracking survey show that the dominant pattern of reading is as follows:

http://www.nngroup.com/articles/f-shaped-pattern-reading-web-content/

Reflective Writing vs Analytical Writing

First person writing is one of the most common type of writing. However, reflecting in first person can make the writing become simply descriptive. There for, simply describing the events, transferring the knowledge from one thing to another. Rather than breaking it down and showing understanding and opinion of the events. Journalists need to enhance events and stories, and not just tell them how they happened, as this can disinterest the reader. By dropping the use of first person in reflective learning, a journalist automatically tends to write in a more analytical way. Below is an example based on my favourite magazine:

My Favourite Magazine...

Descriptive

My favourite magazine is 'Cosmopolitan'. I enjoy reading this as I think they have a variety of topics covered, which allows me to relate to many of their features. Particularly, I appreciate the fashion news section, which keeps me up to date with the latest celebrity trends. I believe that it has an easy to read layout, its attractive to the eye, and the glossy paper gives it a sense of class.

Analytical

The high-end monthly magazine 'Cosmopolitan' is written and presented to appeal to the modern, liberated and digitally-savvy woman. It features a wide range of subjects from celebrity fads to real-life hard-hitting stories. Some may argue that 'Cosmopolitan' preys on women with low self-esteem, relating to the relationship quizzes and diet tips. This is due to the magazine's house style, they aim to be light-hearted, entertaining, fashion focussed, and educational in some aspects. The haptics of 'Cosmopolitan' give readers a sense of affluence and significance.

In order for a journalist to begin a feature, is to know precisely the readership, the angle, and who the interviewee is. Also known as RAW. The target audience is the main factor a journalist should consider when writing, especially a freelance journalist, as their target audiences will change depending on which publication they are writing for. The website Conde Nast is extremely useful for journalists, it shows the circulation, the readership and many more elements of the magazine. Below are some examples of the media kit from Conde Nast on the UK magazine Glamour.

 http://www.condenastinternational.com/country/united-kingdom/glamour/

When writing editorial pieces, a journalist must consider this editorial star. 

The angle brings a different perspective to the same story. An introduction must hook the reader and make them want to read on. A great introduction must always point the way and be attention grabbing. It should shock the reader by revealing some of the important parts of the story. The interview is the key component to an original story. Colour is where creative writing meets journalism, a journalist should portray colour and depth to a piece by flaunting their creative writing skills. A journalist should also show opinion by filtering in their point of view and/ or that of the magazine. 

Creating and Deconstructing the Cover

The front cover of a magazine is its main selling point. The buyer is attracted to the image, the masthead, and the overall haptics of the magazine. The masthead is almost always situated at the top of the cover with a big and bold perspective. A masthead is tactically positioned here, so that when it is placed on a shelf, with other magazines stacked on top of it, the title is still viewable. The difference between a normal magazine sold in shops, and a subscription version of the magazine, is visually obvious, as shown in the image below. This cover of 'Bazaar' that features Cate Blanchett in April 2012's issue on the left shows the usual version of the magazine. The image is a good cover image, as it is mainly white, which makes the cover-lines easily viewable, with the black against the white. Whereas the subscription issue has an image that is just as striking, but would prove difficult to add cover-lines, as to write over the white of her arms and the background, and the contrasting black of her dress, would be problematic to read the text with ease. This is why the subscription issue doesn't feature as many cover-lines, because the reader has already subscribed, so is obviously attracted to the magazine, regardless of the front cover.

http://cocosteaparty.com/category/cate-blanchett

The masthead or headline of a publication is the most important feature on the front-cover. It establishes the magazine. The text is always large and bold, therefore it cannot go unrecognised. When writing a headline, a journalist, editor or sub-editor should:

• 'Be quick, but don’t hurry. Don’t allow the goal of “pushing pages” before deadline to short-circuit the need to write accurate, clear, tasteful headlines.  Remember: readers start here.
• Understand the news peg or feature angle. 
• Use the Key Word system: select key words from story (but don’t parrot lead). Select words that reflect the central theme of the article.
• For news heads: play it straight, summarize the news.
• For feature heads: be creative. Tease, flirt, hint - but don’t give away lead.
• In feature heads, use freshened clichés, creative puns, twists of ad slogans, well known sayings. 
• Highlight intrigue, contrast or conflict within central theme, using key words. 
• Avoid lazy headline writing. Don’t settle for your first try, then change type size to make it fit. 
• Don’t fall in love with your own cute, creative puns. The challenge: rewrite and make it better. 
• Seek the input of others: How can the headline be misread? Does it work? 
• Listen to the lone ranger: honor the courage of one brave soul who objects.  One person who doesn’t “get it” now represents thousands who won’t get it later. 
• When it comes down to Cute vs. Truth, make sure you choose the right one.' (Columbia.edu, 2013).

Below are some images of the most recognised headlines ever written. 

http://www.friendsreunited.com/the-sun-newspaper/b/527f8f18-f73d-412b-94f0-a01501079fd6

http://iconicphotos.wordpress.com/2009/07/01/gotcha/

Cover-lines are also an important piece of page furniture, as this is what readers skim over when picking up a magazine to see if anything interests them, the cover-lines are the deciding factor whether to buy the publication or not. Some magazines vary their cover-linesm whereas others often stay approximately the same from cover to cover. Cover-lines are the sales pitch for the magazine and the feature.

The New Statesman's cover including David Cameron has cover-lines that are very informative, as it appeals to people interested in politics. Some cover-lines may shock their readers to engage them with the story. For example, 'Where Thatcher went wrong' as New Statesman readers are generally big fans of Thatcher, so this would intrigue them and make them want to buy the magazine to read more. The photography has also made Cameron look young and friendly, appealing to its audience, and looking at him in a positive light. 

Chat magazine is more of a tabloid magazine, focussing on gossip and real-life stories. Many of their cover-lines are shocking, and witty. This entices the reader and it almost impossible to not pick it up and read the rest of the story, with headlines such as 'Baby Skye saved by a pin'. Alliteration generally works well within cover-lines, for example 'paedo Pete' and '2-chair Cheryl'. Chat is a more lo-end magazine, so its layout is bright and busy, in order to grab its readers attention, and display as many cover-lines as they possibly could. The magazine aims to have a lighthearted approach to shocking stories, they often all have a happy ending. 

Men's Health is one of the magazines that can get away with having very similar cover-lines on every issue. All cover-lines generally refer to muscle gain, exercise, gadgets, or sex. Numbers work well in cover-lines, for example '82 sex tricks to try tonight', odd numbers together or even numbers together work best to the human eye, so these are most often used. Men's health almost always features a male as its main image, this is because it relates to its readership which is generally men. 

Pitching Your Feature Ideas

There are many contrasting modes of writing. Including:

• Creative
• Editorial
• Academic 
• Professional
• Personal 
• Marketing

Depending on the publication a journalist is writing for, the mode of writing will alter. Freelance journalists may have to frequently change their mode of writing, so it is valuable to them to be competent in pitching their ideas. They will need to sell themselves as a brand, the pitch is the opportunity to sell the idea to editors. It is the one chance a journalist will get to impress a commissioning editor. A good pitch, should reflect all the qualities of a good feature. It must be instantly interesting, informative, believable, and thought-provoking. If that criteria is administered correctly it should leave the editor wanting to know more. Through clear direction and detail it should convince the editor that the journalist has an original story.  It persuades the editor as an article would the reader through a suitable tone. A journalist should use bait, to tempt the editor by not revealing too much. 'The only way to know what the editor wants is to know the magazine inside out. Subject matter, style, approach. You also need to know how the magazine works, the sections and departments' ,'If you have something that would clearly work well in a certain section of the magazine, that makes it hard to resist' (Andrew Humphreys, Ink Publishing, 2013). A journalist needs a compelling reason why the editor should chose them to commission. All journalists are substantial writers, so when pitching, a journalist needs to stand out by convincing the editor that they have the best facts. Does a pitching journalist have:

• Privileged access?
• A past history?
• Were they 'on the spot'?

'Ask yourself what makes your story special. If the answer is nothing, you know you’re getting nowhere', 'If it doesn’t convince you, it won’t convince an editor' (Belinda Robey, x-stream.leedsmet.ac.uk, 2013).

Bait + 
Angle + 
Access+ 
Interesting + 
Informative +                                   = A GOOD PITCH
Believable +
Entertaining + 
Thought- provoking 


Main Assignment Pitch


The main assignment requires two written articles, one for print with a 1500 word count, and one optimised for online with a word count of 500, both on the same topic, for the same publication. Throughout previous weeks, research has been undertaken in order to find the most suitable interviewee for the chosen publication. The skills and techniques gained from previous lecture and tutorial sessions will be applied to the final articles, including the standard of writing, creativity, suitability, and the platform considerations. Below are the final elements concluded for the article:

Publication: Glamour Magazine UK
Section: G Report 
Topic: Glamour Modelling
Cover-line: Is there a sticky stigma attached to a career in glamour? 
Interviewee: Joey Fisher (UK Glamour model)

Print
Readership: 1,235,000
Gender: Female 94%
Average Age: 30

Online
Site Traffic: 49 Million
Gender: Female 96%
Average Age: 34


It is important the journalist to always know the ins and the outs of the publication they are writing for. They should always have the target audience in mind when writing a feature. The article will be focussing on the stigma attached to a career in glamour modelling. It will cover the feminist views of glamour modelling, and the views of a glamour model herself. Both sides of the story will be covered in the article, relating to past and current models and celebrities in order to relate to the audience. It is important that the journalist demonstrates coherent and engaging writing and sentence structure throughout the article. There should be an excellent standard of punctuation and grammar skills. Suitability and creativity should be considered when writing the article, and a clear difference in platforms should be shown between the print and online articles. Joey Fisher is the interviewee, as she is fresh into the industry and has unbiased opinions, and she is reasonably easy to contact.

http://modelondon.com/portfolio/joey-fisher/

Bibliography

• John Herbert (2000). Journalism in the Digital Age. Oxford: Reed Educational & Professional Publishing Ltd
• Jason Whittaker (2008). Magazine Production. Oxon: Routledge 
• David Marsh. (2012). Press & Publishing. www.theguardian.com/media/2003/oct/25/pressandpublishing.comment. Last accessed 27.11.2013
• The Telegraph. (2008). Telegraph Style Book. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/about-us/style-book/. Last accessed 27.11.2013.
• Debbie Preston (2013). A Career in Journalism. London: Book Pubber. 
• Knight & Cook (2013). Social Media for Journalists. London: SAGE Publications Ltd 
• ASOS. (2011). Josephine De La Baume Covers ASOS Magazine. http://www.designscene.net/2011/04/josephine-de-la-baume-covers-asos-magazine.html. Last accessed 11.11.2013.
• David Marsh. (2012). Digital and newspaper readerships combined: figures for major UK newspaper and magazine. www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2012/sep/12/digital-newspaper-readerships-national-survey. Last accessed 11.11.2013
• Jakob Neilsen . (2006). F-Shaped Pattern For Reading Web Content. http://www.nngroup.com/articles/f-shaped-pattern-reading-web-content/. Last accessed 11.11.2013
• Harpers Bazaar. (2012). Cate Blanchett covers Harpers Bazaar UK April 2012. http://cocosteaparty.com/category/cate-blanchett. Last accessed 18.11.2013
•  AGCAS editors. (2013). Press Sub-editor. http://www.prospects.ac.uk/press_sub_editor_job_description.htm. Last accessed 27.11.2013.
• Jandos Rothstein. (2007). Anatomy of a Magazine Layout. http://www.jandos.com/Resources/Anatomy%20Pages4.pdf. Last accessed 27.11.2013.
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